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Horseshoe Bend is a meander of the Colorado River shaped like a horseshoe located near the town of Page, Arizona, United States. It is also referred to as the "eastern rim of the Grand Canyon."
Horseshoe Bend is located 5 miles (8 km) downstream from Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Powell within Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, about 4 miles (6 km) southwest of Page.
This can be accessed by hiking 1.5 miles (2.4 km) round trip from the parking area not far from US Route 89 southwest of Page. The land south of the parking area, the trail, and the views of the Bend are in the Navajo Nation.
Horseshoe Bend is popular just before sunset, as a large group of tourists hike the 1/2 mile to reach the viewpoint. Horseshoe Bend can be seen from the steep cliffs above.
The view is at an elevation of 4,200 feet (1,300 m) above sea level, and the Colorado River is at an elevation of 3,200 feet (1,000 m) above sea level, making its depth reach 1,000 feet (300 m). Horseshoe Bend is an extraordinary example of entrenched meanders. Six million years ago, the area around Horseshoe Bend was closer to sea level, and the Colorado River was a meandering river with nearly flat floodplains. Between six and five million years ago, this area began to uplift. This trapped the Colorado River at the riverbed, and the river quickly flowed downward, creating Horseshoe Bend as we see it today.
The cause of this uplift is still under investigation. One hypothesis is that the uplift is a result of delamination, where the bottom layer of the North American tectonic plate beneath the Colorado Plateau detaches and sinks into the mantle below. This allows hotter rock from the asthenosphere, the part of the Earth's mantle underlying its tectonic plates, to rise and lift the crust above it. Another possibility is that the uplift is caused by heating at the base of the Earth's crust. This transforms the lowest crustal rock from eclogite, a relatively dense rock (3.6 g/cm3), into garnet granulite, which has a much lower density (2.9 g/cm3). This would generate the immense force needed to uplift the region.
"Whatever the cause of the uplift, it resulted in the erosion of up to one mile of sediment above it from the eastern part of the Grand Canyon. This revealed the Navajo Sandstone, a surface rock found throughout the Horseshoe Bend area, which also forms the entire depth of the canyon walls of the Grand Canyon at Horseshoe Bend. This sandstone is famous for its cross-bedding and iron concretions."
"It is likely that the Colorado River will eventually cut through the neck of the bend, creating a natural bridge like those found in the Natural Bridges National Monument in Utah. The river will then leave Horseshoe Bend, leaving behind a winding path that resembles The Rincon further north along the Colorado River in Utah."
Horseshoe Bend, a geological wonder that has become a symbol, is located near Page, Arizona, and is globally known for its stunning panoramic views. This geological masterpiece, characterized by the distinctive twists of the Colorado River in a horseshoe shape, rises 1,000 feet above the river below, framed by steep cliff surfaces. The site is a harmonious blend of geological formations, vibrant rock layers, and the turquoise waters of the Colorado River, making it an unforgettable sight.
The Oscar Living Exploration Team has conducted explorations in the regions of Utah, Arizona, and Colorado, making Horseshoe Bend a favorite destination in the South Central region of America.
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Source : Wikipedia
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