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Construction began in 1787 under the direction of George Washington and was completed on January 10, 1791, using funds of $1,500, which he established. Whale oil lamps were initially used for lighting. In 1855, after the formation of the Lighthouse Board, a fourth-order Fresnel lens was installed; this lens was replaced by a second-order Fresnel lens, which was then replaced by an aerobeacon in 1958. The lens was replaced with a DCB-224 aerobeacon in 1991. The DCB-224 aerobeacon is still in use.
In 1787, when Maine was still part of the state of Massachusetts, George Washington hired two masons from the town of Falmouth (modern-day Portland), Jonathan Bryant and John Nichols, and instructed them to take over the construction of the lighthouse at Cape Portland. Washington reminded them that the early government was still poor, and said that the materials used to build the lighthouse should be taken from the fields and the coast, materials that could be easily handled if transported using oxen. The initial plan was for a tower 58 feet tall. When the masons completed this task, they climbed to the top of the tower and realized that the tower would not be visible beyond the cape to the south, so the tower was raised again by 20 feet.
This tower was built from rubble, and Washington gave the stonemasons four years to construct it. While it was being built in 1789, the federal government was being formed, and for a time, the lighthouse appeared to be unfinished. After the passage of the ninth law, the first congress allocated funds and authorized the Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, to inform the mechanics that they could proceed with the completion of the tower. On August 10, 1790, the second session of Congress set an amount not to exceed $1500, and under the direction of the President, "for the lighthouse to be completed and finished as it should be."[6] The tower was completed in 1790 and first lit on January 10, 1791.
During the American Civil War, raids on ships entering and leaving Portland Harbor became common, and because ships at sea needed to see Portland Head Light as soon as possible, the tower was raised another 20 feet. The current keeper's house was built in 1891. When Halfway Rock Light was built, Portland Head Light was considered less important, and in 1883, this tower was shortened by 20 feet (6.1 m) and a weaker fourth-order Fresnel lens was added. Following complaints from sailors, the previous second-order Fresnel lens and height were restored in 1885.
This station has not changed much except for the rebuilding of the whistle house in 1975 due to severe damage from a storm. Currently, Portland Head Light stands 80 feet (24 m) above the ground and 101 feet (31 m) above the water, its white conical tower connected to the dwelling. The yard and the keeper's house are owned by the city of Cape Elizabeth, while the lighthouse and fog signal are owned and operated by the U.S. Coast Guard as a current navigational aid. This lighthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Portland Head Light (sic) on April 24, 1973, reference number 73000121. The lighthouse was designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 2002.
Portland Head Lighthouse also has the status of being the most Photogenic LIGHTHOUSE on the East Coast of America. So, of course, OLIV friends must visit this lighthouse. The road trip from Boston to Portland, Maine can be completed in 2 hours of driving. The OLIV Exploration Team has visited this lighthouse 4 times, taking the Rure North i95 and then taking the I295 east route. Friends are advised to come at sunrise to witness the beauty of this lighthouse.
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