BLUE CARBON INDONESIA

350 experts from around the world gathered in Manado, North Sulawesi, to participate in the International Blue Carbon Symposium (IBCS). The experts estimate that in the next 20 years, most blue carbon ecosystems will disappear and their annual carbon absorption capacity will also decline. In order for these ecosystems to maintain their current carbon absorption capacity, there must be a reduction in carbon emissions of 4-8 percent by 2030, or 10 percent by 2050.

Ironically, this coastal habitat is experiencing degradation at a rate about five to ten times greater than the damage that occurred last year.
"damage found in tropical forests. Climate change is a global issue caused by the increasing levels of greenhouse gases due to the burning of fossil fuels, carbon emissions from land clearing, forest fires, and agricultural activities including livestock farming."

This is also due to the decreased ability of natural ecosystems to absorb and store carbon through photosynthesis, known as green carbon. There is also blue carbon, which is absorbed by marine and coastal ecosystems and accounts for more than 55 percent of the global green carbon marine ecosystem. Blue carbon sinks include mangroves, wetlands, and seagrasses, and their role is similar to that of tropical rainforests, as centers of biodiversity or biodiversity hotspots, and as providers of high-capacity carbon sinks. Only a portion of the carbon sinks is stored permanently in these marine environments, while most of the rest will follow recycling patterns and be released into the atmosphere over several decades.

Currently, coastal ecosystems store carbon at a rate equivalent to an increase of about 25 percent per year of carbon in the atmosphere. The restoration of these blue carbon ecosystems will have an impact on their ecosystem services, such as
"increased levels of dissolved oxygen in coastal waters, recovery of fish stocks, and enhanced coastal protection in areas safe from extreme weather and storms. Indonesia is home to the coral triangle, which contributes 52 percent of the total area."

"world coral reefs, mangrove forests cover about 3.15 million hectares, or 23 percent of the world's mangrove forest area. systems and are capable of absorbing 122.2 million tons of carbon per year. Indonesia is also home to the largest seagrass bed in the world, covering 3.30 million hectares, which can absorb 16.11 million tons of carbon per year."

"The degradation of this coastal habitat often goes unnoticed and is also neglected due to its location underwater. To restore the blue carbon-absorbing ecosystem, several steps must be taken. First, climate policies based on blue carbon markets."

This mechanism must be introduced. This mechanism will prioritize carbon funds. Through the Nusantara Carbon Scheme, efforts for carbon registration, verification, and certification of Indonesia's carbon sinks may be ready to enter the carbon market for compensation funding. For example, the value of one ton of carbon in the carbon market varies from $5 to $15. Indonesia's blue carbon potential is around 139 million tons per year, and with an average price of $10 per ton, Indonesia could generate $1.39 billion per year from blue carbon trading alone.

Second, implement an effective management system to protect at least 80 percent of existing seagrass beds and brackish wetlands, as well as mangrove forests.

Third, introduce capacity development programs and training on blue carbon ecosystems to reduce damage and support the recovery of blue carbon absorption capabilities.

Fourth, ensuring food security and livelihoods based on an integrated ecosystem approach to prepare communities living in that environment.

coastal areas are ready to adapt due to changes in natural systems. The above steps should be taken seriously considering the impacts that have already begun to occur in the marine environment due to climate change, namely rising sea levels, ocean acidification, increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather, and decline.
fisheries resources. Indonesia is an archipelagic country with blue carbon potential capable of absorbing 139.77 million tons of carbon per year. This number may continue to increase through the planting of mangroves in barren coastal areas. Coastal communities in Indonesia must receive maximum benefits from this effort.

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Photo: Tempo, Hendro Hioe